Q1

Give a brief definition of emulsion and what are the main components of emulsion polymerization.

请简要定义“乳液”,并说明乳液聚合的主要组成成分。


简要定义乳液聚合

乳液聚合中,水形成连续液相,单体形成不连续液相。乳液聚合体系的主要组成部分是水、单体引发剂和稳定剂。

In an emulsion polymerization, water forms the continuous liquid phase and the monomer forms the discontinuous liquid phase. The main components of an emulsion polymerization system are water, monomer, initiator and stabilizers.

Q2

What is the purpose of the initiator in the emulsion polymerization, and what type of initiator system will be used in this experiment?

在乳液聚合中,引发剂的作用是什么?本实验将使用哪种类型的引发体系?


引发剂乳液聚合中的作用是什么?本实验将使用哪种类型的引发剂体系

引发剂产生活性中心,然后将其转移到单体上以引发聚合物链的生长。所述实验中使用的是氧化还原体系自由基引发。该氧化还原引发体系由抗坏血酸和过氧化氢组成。

Initiator produces active centers, which are then transferred to a monomer to initiate the polymer chain growth. Radical initiation by a redox system is used in the described experiment. This redox initiation system consists of ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

Q3

Styrene monomer has a density of 0.909 g/mL ; calculate the mass of 560 μL of styrene that is used in this experiment.

苯乙烯单体的密度为 0.909 g/mL ;计算实验中使用的 560 μL 苯乙烯的质量。


苯乙烯单体的密度为0.909 g/mL0.909 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL};计算本实验中使用的560μ L560 \mu \mathrm{~L}苯乙烯的质量。

质量 (g) = 0.909 g/mL×0.560 mL=0.509 g0.909 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} \times 0.560 \mathrm{~mL} = 0.509 \mathrm{~g}

Q4

To determine conversion percentage , why should we wait until the aluminum weighing pan is cooled to room temperature before recording the mass?

在测定转化率时,为什么要等铝称量盘冷却至室温后再记录质量?


为了测定转化率百分比,为什么我们在记录质量前要等铝制称量盘冷却到室温?

为了确保所有的水都已蒸发,并且质量读数稳定(没有进一步的水分损失)。

To ensure that all water is evaporated, and the mass readings are stabilized (no further water loss).

Q5

From your polymer course lectures, what is the difference between hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and radius of gyration (Rg) ? Which one will you measure using dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique?

根据聚合物课程内容,**水动力半径(Rh)回转半径(Rg)有什么区别?使用动态光散射(DLS)**测量的是哪一个?


根据您在聚合物课程讲座中学到的知识,流体动力学半径 RhR_h回转半径 RgR_g 有什么区别?您将使用动态光散射技术测量哪一个?

流体动力学半径RhR_h)是根据聚合物颗粒的扩散速率确定的等效硬球体的半径,而回转半径RgR_g)是从中心到聚合物分子每个元素的质量加权平均距离。动态光散射(DLS)测量的是流体动力学半径

Hydrodynamic radius (Rh)\left(R_{h}\right) is the radius of an equivalent hard sphere determined based on the diffusion rate of the polymer particles, while the radius of gyration ( RgR_{g} ) is the mass weighted average distance from the center to each element of a polymer molecule. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measures the hydrodynamic radius.

Q6

Use the SEM image below (Figure S5) to determine an average diameter (dav, in nm) of polystyrene latex particles.

利用下方的 扫描电子显微镜图像(图 S5) ,确定聚苯乙烯乳胶颗粒的 平均直径(dav,单位:nm)

图S5. 聚苯乙烯胶乳的代表性EM图像。


使用下面的SEM图像(图S5)确定聚苯乙烯胶乳颗粒的平均直径(dav\mathrm{d}_{\mathrm{av}},单位为nm)。

平均直径为240±6 nm240 \pm 6 \mathrm{~nm}

[答案在235 nm到245 nm之间,标准差在5到10 nm范围内均可得满分]

The average diameter is 240±6 nm240 \pm 6 \mathrm{~nm}

[the answers from 235 nm to 245 nm with standard deviation ranging from 5 to 10 nm are accepted for the full mark]